📘 Loan (Qard) in Islam
🔹 Definition and Evidence of Its Legitimacy
Definition of a loan:
It is giving money to someone so they can benefit from it, with the condition that they return its equivalent.
Ruling:
Permissible and legislated.
Evidence:
The general teachings of the Qur’an and Sunnah regarding:
The virtue of kindness
Fulfilling the needs of others
Relieving hardship
Scholarly consensus on its permissibility
From the Sunnah:
The hadith of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) borrowed a young camel. When camels of charity came to him, he repaid with a better one and said:“The best of people are those who are best in repayment.”
The hadith of Ibn Mas‘ud (may Allah be pleased with him):
“No Muslim gives another Muslim a loan twice except that it is like giving charity once.”
This shows the virtue of lending and its great reward.
🔹 Conditions and Rulings of Loans
1. Prohibition of stipulating benefit
It is not permissible for the lender to require any benefit in return for the loan
Examples:
Free housing
Borrowing items
Any other benefit
Principle:
Every loan that brings a benefit is considered usury
2. Eligibility of the lender
The lender must be:
An adult
Sane
Financially responsible (of sound judgment)
And allowed to manage their wealth
3. Prohibition of conditional increase
It is not permissible to require any increase upon repayment
Because it is:
→ Prohibited usury
4. Permissibility of non-conditioned increase
If the borrower voluntarily gives more:
Without any condition
And without prior agreement
It is permissible
And considered good repayment
5. Ownership of the wealth
The lender must own the money
It is not permissible to lend what one does not own
6. Interest-based bank loans (prohibited)
Such as:
Giving a loan with interest
Or giving a lesser amount and taking back more
Example:
A bank gives 80,000
And demands 100,000 in return
→ This is prohibited usury
✨ Concise Summary
Lending is an act of worship and great kindness with immense reward
The foundation is ease and support, not exploitation
Any required increase equals usury
Voluntary extra repayment is permissible kindness
Interest-based bank loans are among the most serious modern forms of usury
Simplified Fiqh in light of the Qur’an and Sunnah – Prepared by Manal Abuelazaem
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